offenders. At this time the condition of the negroes in Texas and

Louisiana was lamentable, though, in fact, not worse than that of the

few white loyalists who had been true to the Union during the war.

These last were singled out as special objects of attack, and were,

therefore, obliged at all times to be on the alert for the protection

of their lives and property. This was the natural outcome of Mr.

Johnson's defiance of Congress, coupled with the sudden conversion to

his cause of persons in the North--who but a short time before had